Friction loss factor for rise in elevation is ______.

Friction loss factor for rise in elevation is ______.

• A. 10 kPa per meter
• B. 5 kPa per meter
• C. 15 kPa per meter
• D. 20 kPa per meter

Answer: (A)

Raising water to a higher elevation requires extra static head to overcome gravity. The pressure needed to lift 1 meter of water is the hydrostatic head, which is rho g h. With water density about 1000 kg/m^3 and g about 9.81 m/s^2, lifting 1 meter demands roughly 9.81 kPa of pressure. This is commonly rounded to 10 kPa per meter of rise. So the friction loss factor for elevation rise is about 10 kPa per meter. The other options (5, 15, or 20 kPa per meter) would imply incorrect elevation head per meter.

Raising water to a higher elevation requires extra static head to overcome gravity. The pressure needed to lift 1 meter of water is the hydrostatic head, which is rho g h. With water density about 1000 kg/m^3 and g about 9.81 m/s^2, lifting 1 meter demands roughly 9.81 kPa of pressure. This is commonly rounded to 10 kPa per meter of rise. So the friction loss factor for elevation rise is about 10 kPa per meter. The other options (5, 15, or 20 kPa per meter) would imply incorrect elevation head per meter.